Skin exfoliation certainly isn’t a new concept. Most people have experienced some kind of ‘skin scrub’ intended to literally scrub away dead skin cells. Although, now there is a much wider variety of exfoliants available. So what is best for you and your skin? We’re here to give you the rundown so that you can start exploring the best exfoliants for you.
Are Skin Exfoliants Necessary?
Skin exfoliation is a contested topic – not everyone agrees that it is necessary! However, there are a lot of benefits that can be gained through the right kinds of skin exfoliants. For example, skin exfoliation removes dead skin cells, improves skin radiance, unclogs pores, improves the absorption of skincare products, reduces hyperpigmentation, stimulates collagen production, helps manage acne, promotes blood circulation, and can even prevent signs of aging.
The skin can be exfoliated in a variety of different ways. Most people are probably familiar with physical methods involving abrasive substances, tools or manual scrubs that remove dead skin cells. Growing in popularity is the use of chemical exfoliants that use acids or enzymes to dissolve dead skin cells. Some products will go one step further, combining physical exfoliants with a chemical component.
Since skin exfoliation involves removing the outer layer of dead skin cells, it can be quite a harsh process. Therefore, it is recommended to limit exfoliation to approximately three times a week. This allows the skin enough time to renew and heal the skin barrier.
The 3 Types of Skin Exfoliation
1. Physical Exfoliants
Physical exfoliation uses abrasive substances to manually scrub away dead skin cells. Examples include any products containing granular particles like sugar, salt, or microbeads. However, exfoliating brushes or sponges are also considered physical exfoliants. These tools are designed for manual buffing and the removal of debris on the skin’s surface.
Pros:
- May stimulate collagen which improves skin elasticity.
- Immediate ‘smoothness’ – improved skin texture.
- improved absorption of other skincare products (especially when used after exfoliation).
- Satisfying to use.
Cons:
- Overuse or harsh scrubbing can be irritating and damaging.
- Using too much pressure can cause microtears in the skin.
- Plastic ‘microbeads’ in some scrubs are damaging for the environment (look for salt, sugars, or other natural materials).
- Possible disruption to the natural balance of your skin barrier.
2. Chemical Exfoliants
Chemical exfoliation involves the use of acids or enzymes to loosen dead skin cells. This method of exfoliation is usually more controlled and offers deeper exfoliation of the skin. Some examples include Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs), and enzymes derived from fruits.
Pros:
- Improves skin tone, texture, and brightness.
- More precise and controlled.
- Different types of chemical exfoliants can suit different skin concerns (acne etc.).
- Generally milder than physical exfoliation, so can be suitable for sensitive skin.
Cons:
- Certain chemicals can cause skin sensitivity, requiring either an adjustment period or a change to an alternative product.
- Can cause sun sensitivity, which means wearing SPF is vital!
- Overuse can disrupt the natural balance of the skin barrier.
- Some chemicals can cause acne-prone skin to ‘purge’ (get worse) before seeing improvements later on.
3. Combination Exfoliants
When products combine both physical and chemical exfoliants, they offer a dual-action approach for more comprehensive exfoliation. These products tend to be more targeted for specific skincare needs and should be used with purpose. Some examples include exfoliating cleansers with added chemical exfoliants, or scrubs containing physical particles alongside chemical exfoliating ingredients.
Pros:
- Can have the benefits of both physical and chemical exfoliants!
Cons:
- Can be a strong and harsh combination that is unsuitable for certain skin types.
The Best Exfoliants for Your Skin Type
Now, the moment you’ve been waiting for – which exfoliants are best for your skin! Before we jump into it, make sure you understand your skin type. You might find this blog post helpful in discovering your skin type and associated needs >>>
- Normal Skin: Combination exfoliants might be most effective – just be careful not to use anything too harsh for the skin.
- Oily Skin: Chemical exfoliants like BHAs (e.g. salicylic acid) work to unclog pores and are great for acne-prone skin. Also consider combination exfoliants for a more powerful impact.
- Dry Skin: Lactic acid is a gentler chemical exfoliant that helps draw moisture into the skin whilst loosen dead skin cells.
- Combination Skin: Milder exfoliants for sensitive zones, and a more robust option for oilier areas.
- Sensitive Skin: Gentle physical exfoliants with finer particles. Chemical exfoliants with low acid concentration, or enzymatic alternatives.
Exfoliation Warnings
To ensure safe exfoliation make sure you choose exfoliants that are appropriate for your skin type. Also check the product instructions to avoid over-exfoliation and damage to the skin barrier. To further prevent skin damage, it is also important to continue using SPF in your skincare routine. SPF is particularly important when using chemical exfoliants.
If you have sensitive skin, please be especially careful when exploring different methods of exfoliation. Certainly look to avoid scrubbing or harsh physical exfoliants that are likely to irritate and damage the skin. Whilst mild chemical exfoliants are likely to be more suitable, please consider a consultation with a skin professional and be sure to patch test any new products.
Another group that need to be careful when exfoliating is anyone with ‘aging skin’. Since aging skin is more delicate, it must be treated carefully to prevent damage and increased signs of aging. Rather than choosing harsh physical exfoliants, consider AHAs like glycolic acid, which promote collagen production and address fine lines.
Final Thoughts
Regardless of what kind of exfoliants you choose, the key is to listen to the unique needs of your skin. Embrace the journey of self-discovery as you develop an exfoliation routine that helps you realize the skin of your dreams. Radiant skin is not just a goal, it can be a reality with the right skincare for your needs.
